Crowdsourcing Education: A Role-Based Analysis Abstract: Learning online has significantly evolved over the past decade due to emergence of Web 2.0 and 3.0 technologies that facilitate social learning in adaptive online environments. The open content movement and the associated techniques of crowdsourcing in knowledge production have further influenced education using the web. This chapter investigates the concept of crowdsourcing in education through an analysis of case studies dealing with two open online educational communities, Peer 2 Peer University, and PlanetMath.org. The case studies proceed via an analysis of the various roles played by the individuals involved in each organization. The outcomes of this analysis are used to extract general recommendations for building online communities and applying crowdsourcing techniques in educational contexts. To appear in "Collaborative Learning 2.0: Open Educational Resources", IGI Global, 2011.